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Basic Shotokan Karate Terminology
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counting:
- ichi = 1
- ni = 2
- san = 3
- shi (or yon) = 4
- go = 5
- roku = 6
- shichi = 7
- hachi = 8
- ku = 9
- ju = 10
kumite (sparring):
- kihon ippon kumite = one-step sparring
- kihon sanbon kumite = three-step sparring
- kihon gohon kumite = five-step sparring
- jyuu ippon kumite = semi-free sparring
- jyuu kumite = free sparring
kata (forms):
- Heian Shodan
- Heian Nidan
- Heian Sandan
- Heian Shidan (or Heian Yondan)
- Heian Godan
- Bassai Dai
- Bassai Sho
- Jion
- Kanku Dai (or Kusanku)
- Tekki Shodan
- Tekki Nidan
- Tekki Sandan
- Jo Kata (4-ft staff)
- Tsue Sho (6-ft staff)
- Bo Sho (6-ft staff)
kihon (basic techniques):
- shizentai = 'natural' standing position
- haisokudachi = standing position with feet together and knees bent
- heikodachi = standing position with feet apart & parallel
- zenkutsudachi = front stance
- kokutsudachi = back stance
- kibadachi = side stance
- tsuki = punch
- keri = kick
- uke = block
- harai(barai) = sweep
- chokuzuki = straight punch
- kizamizuki = jab
- gyakuzuki = reverse punch
- oizuki = lunge (stepping in) punch
- maegeri = front kick
- yokogeri = side kick
- ushirogeri = back kick
- mawashigeri = roundhouse kick
- keage = rising/snapping kick (often refers to side snap kick)
- kekomi = thrusting kick (often refers to the side thrust kick)
- ashibarai = foot/leg sweep
- ageuke = rising block
- sotouke = outside block
- uchiuke = inside block
- gedanbarai = down (sweeping) block
- shutouke = knife=hand block
- uraken(uchi) = back=fist (strike)
- empi(uchi) = elbow (strike)
- shomen = hips straight/facing front
- hanmi = hips to the side (half=face)
- gyakuhanmi = hips twisted to the reverse side (reverse half=face)
body parts & targets:
- jodan = upper level (usually refers to the head)
- chudan = middle level (usually refers to the solar plexus)
- gedan = lower level (usually refers to the groin)
- te = hand (as in karate, which means 'empty hand')
- ude = arm
- ashi = leg or foot
- kubi = neck
- tekubi = wrist (lit. 'hand-neck')
- ashikubi = ankle (lit. 'foot-neck')
- hiza = knee
- hiji = elbow
- koshi = hip(s)
other terms frequently used in the dojo:
- dojo = training hall
- seiza = traditional (formal) sitting position
- rei = bow
- shomen = front of the dojo
- sensei = instructor
- sempai = senior
- osu = all=purpose martial arts greeting
- yoi = ready
- hajime(ru) = begin
- yame(ru) = stop/finish
- mokuso = silent meditation
- makiwara = literally, 'rolled straw' -- the traditional
striking board of karate used to increase focus of punches
& strikes. The board was covered with a straw pad at
the striking area (usually cotton/canvas nowadays).
- kime = focus (lit. decisiveness)
- waza = technique
- tokui kata = test/favorite (lit. specialty) kata
- owari = the end
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